Browsing by Author "Liu, Fangxin"

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    Solution-Deposited and Patternable Conductive Polymer Thin-Film Electrodes for Microbial Bioelectronics
    (Wiley, 2022) Tseng, Chia-Ping; Liu, Fangxin; Zhang, Xu; Huang, Po-Chun; Campbell, Ian; Li, Yilin; Atkinson, Joshua T.; Terlier, Tanguy; Ajo-Franklin, Caroline M.; Silberg, Jonathan J.; Verduzco, Rafael
    Microbial bioelectronic devices integrate naturally occurring or synthetically engineered electroactive microbes with microelectronics. These devices have a broad range of potential applications, but engineering the biotic–abiotic interface for biocompatibility, adhesion, electron transfer, and maximum surface area remains a challenge. Prior approaches to interface modification lack simple processability, the ability to pattern the materials, and/or a significant enhancement in currents. Here, a novel conductive polymer coating that significantly enhances current densities relative to unmodified electrodes in microbial bioelectronics is reported. The coating is based on a blend of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) crosslinked with poly(2-hydroxyethylacrylate) (PHEA) along with a thin polydopamine (PDA) layer for adhesion to an underlying indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. When used as an interface layer with the current-producing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, this material produces a 178-fold increase in the current density compared to unmodified electrodes, a current gain that is higher than previously reported thin-film 2D coatings and 3D conductive polymer coatings. The chemistry, morphology, and electronic properties of the coatings are characterized and the implementation of these coated electrodes for use in microbial fuel cells, multiplexed bioelectronic devices, and organic electrochemical transistor based microbial sensors are demonstrated. It is envisioned that this simple coating will advance the development of microbial bioelectronic devices.
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    Understanding fragility and engineering activation stability in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022) Zhu, Dongyang; Zhang, Jun-Jie; Wu, Xiaowei; Yan, Qianqian; Liu, Fangxin; Zhu, Yifan; Gao, Xiaodong; Rahman, Muhammad M.; Yakobson, Boris I.; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Verduzco, Rafael
    The sensitivity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to pore collapse during activation processes is generally termed activation stability, and activation stability is important for achieving and maintaining COF crystallinity and porosity which are relevant to a variety of applications. However, current understanding of COF stability during activation is insufficient, and prior studies have focused primarily on thermal stability or on the activation stability of other porous materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). In this work, we demonstrate and implement a versatile experimental approach to quantify activation stability of COFs and use this to establish a number of relationships between their pore size, the type of pore substituents, pore architecture, and structural robustness. Additionally, density functional theory calculations reveal the impact on both inter-and intra-layer interactions, which govern activation stability, and we demonstrate that activation stability can be systematically tuned using a multivariate synthesis approach involving mixtures of functionalized and unfunctionalized COF building blocks. Our findings provide novel fundamental insights into the activation stability of COFs and offer guidance for the design of more robust COFs.