Browsing by Author "Keppler, M."

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    Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
    (EDP Sciences, 2018) Keppler, M.; Benisty, M.; Müller, A.; Henning, Th.; van Boekel, R.; Cantalloube, F.; Ginski, C.; van Holstein, R.G.; Maire, A.-L.; Pohl, A.; Samland, M.; Avenhaus, H.; Baudino, J.-L.; Boccaletti, A.; de Boer, J.; Bonnefoy, M.; Chauvin, G.; Desidera, S.; Langlois, M.; Lazzoni, C.; Marleau, G.-D.; Mordasini, C.; Pawellek, N.; Stolker, T.; Vigan, A.; Zurlo, A.; Birnstiel, T.; Brandner, W.; Feldt, M.; Flock, M.; Girard, J.; Gratton, R.; Hagelberg, J.; Isella, A.; Janson, M.; Juhasz, A.; Kemmer, J.; Kral, Q.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Launhardt, R.; Matter, A.; Ménard, F.; Milli, J.; Mollière, P.; Olofsson, J.; Pérez, L.; Pinilla, P.; Pinte, C.; Quanz, S.P.; Schmidt, T.; Udry, S.; Wahhaj, Z.; Williams, J.P.; Buenzli, E.; Cudel, M.; Dominik, C.; Galicher, R.; Kasper, M.; Lannier, J.; Mesa, D.; Mouillet, D.; Peretti, S.; Perrot, C.; Salter, G.; Sissa, E.; Wildi, F.; Abe, L.; Antichi, J.; Augereau, J.-C.; Baruffolo, A.; Baudoz, P.; Bazzon, A.; Beuzit, J.-L.; Blanchard, P.; Brems, S.S.; Buey, T.; De Caprio, V.; Carbillet, M.; Carle, M.; Cascone, E.; Cheetham, A.; Claudi, R.; Costille, A.; Delboulbé, A.; Dohlen, K.; Fantinel, D.; Feautrier, P.; Fusco, T.; Giro, E.; Gluck, L.; Gry, C.; Hubin, N.; Hugot, E.; Jaquet, M.; Le Mignant, D.; Llored, M.; Madec, F.; Magnard, Y.; Martinez, P.; Maurel, D.; Meyer, M.; Möller-Nilsson, O.; Moulin, T.; Mugnier, L.; Origné, A.; Pavlov, A.; Perret, D.; Petit, C.; Pragt, J.; Puget, P.; Rabou, P.; Ramos, J.; Rigal, F.; Rochat, S.; Roelfsema, R.; Rousset, G.; Roux, A.; Salasnich, B.; Sauvage, J.-F.; Sevin, A.; Soenke, C.; Stadler, E.; Suarez, M.; Turatto, M.; Weber, L.
    Context. Young circumstellar disks are the birthplaces of planets. Their study is of prime interest to understand the physical and chemical conditions under which planet formation takes place. Only very few detections of planet candidates within these disks exist, and most of them are currently suspected to be disk features. Aims. In this context, the transition disk around the young star PDS 70 is of particular interest, due to its large gap identified in previous observations, indicative of ongoing planet formation. We aim to search for the presence of an embedded young planet and search for disk structures that may be the result of disk–planet interactions and other evolutionary processes. Methods. We analyse new and archival near-infrared images of the transition disk PDS 70 obtained with the VLT/SPHERE, VLT/NaCo, and Gemini/NICI instruments in polarimetric differential imaging and angular differential imaging modes. Results. We detect a point source within the gap of the disk at about 195 mas (~22 au) projected separation. The detection is confirmed at five different epochs, in three filter bands and using different instruments. The astrometry results in an object of bound nature, with high significance. The comparison of the measured magnitudes and colours to evolutionary tracks suggests that the detection is a companion of planetary mass. The luminosity of the detected object is consistent with that of an L-type dwarf, but its IR colours are redder, possibly indicating the presence of warm surrounding material. Further, we confirm the detection of a large gap of ~54 au in size within the disk in our scattered light images, and detect a signal from an inner disk component. We find that its spatial extent is very likely smaller than ~17 au in radius, and its position angle is consistent with that of the outer disk. The images of the outer disk show evidence of a complex azimuthal brightness distribution which is different at different wavelengths and may in part be explained by Rayleigh scattering from very small grains. Conclusions. The detection of a young protoplanet within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70 opens the door to a so far observationally unexplored parameter space of planetary formation and evolution. Future observations of this system at different wavelengths and continuing astrometry will allow us to test theoretical predictions regarding planet–disk interactions, planetary atmospheres, and evolutionary models.
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    Shadows and asymmetries in the T Tauri disk HD 143006: evidence for a misaligned inner disk
    (EDP Sciences, 2018) Benisty, M.; Juhász, A.; Facchini, S.; Pinilla, P.; Boer, J. de; Pérez, L. M.; Keppler, M.; Muro-Arena, G.; Villenave, M.; Andrews, S.; Dominik, C.; Dullemond, C.P.; Gallenne, A.; Garufi, A.; Ginski, C.; Isella, A.
    Context. While planet formation is thought to occur early in the history of a protoplanetary disk, the presence of planets embedded in disks, or of other processes driving disk evolution, might be traced from their imprints on the disk structure. Aims. We study the morphology of the disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006, located in the ~5–11 Myr-old Upper Sco region, and we look for signatures of the mechanisms driving its evolution. Methods. We observed HD 143006 in polarized scattered light with VLT/SPHERE at near-infrared (J-band, 1.2 μm) wavelengths, reaching an angular resolution of ~0.037′′ (~6 au). We obtained two datasets, one with a 145 mas diameter coronagraph, and the other without, enabling us to probe the disk structure down to an angular separation of ~0.06′′ (~10 au). Results. In our observations, the disk of HD 143006 is clearly resolved up to ~0.5′′ and shows a clear large-scale asymmetry with the eastern side brighter than the western side. We detect a number of additional features, including two gaps and a ring. The ring shows an overbrightness at a position angle (PA) of ~140°, extending over a range in position angle of ~60°, and two narrow dark regions. The two narrow dark lanes and the overall large-scale asymmetry are indicative of shadowing effects, likely due to a misaligned inner disk. We demonstrate the remarkable resemblance between the scattered light image of HD 143006 and a model prediction of a warped disk due to an inclined binary companion. The warped disk model, based on the hydrodynamic simulations combined with three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations, reproduces all major morphological features. However, it does not account for the observed overbrightness at PA ~ 140°. Conclusions. Shadows have been detected in several protoplanetary disks, suggesting that misalignment in disks is not uncommon. However, the origin of the misalignment is not clear. As-yet-undetected stellar or massive planetary companions could be responsible for them, and naturally account for the presence of depleted inner cavities.