Browsing by Author "Hou, Huayu"

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    Multimodal optical imaging with real-time projection of cancer risk and biopsy guidance maps for early oral cancer diagnosis and treatment
    (SPIE, 2023) Coole, Jackson B.; Brenes, David R.; Mitbander, Ruchika; Vohra, Imran S.; Hou, Huayu; Kortum, Alex; Tang, Yubo; Maker, Yajur; Schwarz, Richard A.; Carns, Jennifer L.; Badaoui, Hawraa; Williams, Michelle D.; Vigneswaran, Nadarajah; Gillenwater, Ann M.; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca
    Significance: Despite recent advances in multimodal optical imaging, oral imaging systems often do not provide real-time actionable guidance to the clinician who is making biopsy and treatment decisions. Aim: We demonstrate a low-cost, portable active biopsy guidance system (ABGS) that uses multimodal optical imaging with deep learning to directly project cancer risk and biopsy guidance maps onto oral mucosa in real time. Approach: Cancer risk maps are generated based on widefield autofluorescence images and projected onto the at-risk tissue using a digital light projector. Microendoscopy images are obtained from at-risk areas, and multimodal image data are used to calculate a biopsy guidance map, which is projected onto tissue.ResultsRepresentative patient examples highlight clinically actionable visualizations provided in real time during an imaging procedure. Results show multimodal imaging with cancer risk and biopsy guidance map projection offers a versatile, quantitative, and precise tool to guide biopsy site selection and improve early detection of oral cancers. Conclusions: The ABGS provides direct visible guidance to identify early lesions and locate appropriate sites to biopsy within those lesions. This represents an opportunity to translate multimodal imaging into real-time clinically actionable visualizations to help improve patient outcomes.
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    Optical imaging technologies for in vivo cancer detection in low-resource settings
    (Elsevier, 2023) Hou, Huayu; Mitbander, Ruchika; Tang, Yubo; Azimuddin, Ahad; Carns, Jennifer; Schwarz, Richard A.; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca R.
    Cancer continues to affect underserved populations disproportionately. Novel optical imaging technologies, which can provide rapid, non-invasive, and accurate cancer detection at the point of care, have great potential to improve global cancer care. This article reviews the recent technical innovations and clinical translation of low-cost optical imaging technologies, highlighting the advances in both hardware and software, especially the integration of artificial intelligence, to improve in vivo cancer detection in low-resource settings. Additionally, this article provides an overview of existing challenges and future perspectives of adapting optical imaging technologies into clinical practice, which can potentially contribute to novel insights and programs that effectively improve cancer detection in low-resource settings.
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    Use of topical methylene blue to image nuclear morphometry with a low-cost scanning darkfield microendoscope
    (SPIE, 2024) Hou, Huayu; Carns, Jennifer; Schwarz, Richard A.; Gillenwater, Ann M.; Anandasabapathy, Sharmila; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca R.
    SignificanceFiber-optic microendoscopy is a promising approach to noninvasively visualize epithelial nuclear morphometry for early cancer and precancer detection. However, the broader clinical application of this approach is limited by a lack of topical contrast agents available for in vivo use.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to image nuclear morphometry in vivo with a novel fiber-optic microendoscope used together with topical application of methylene blue (MB), a dye with FDA approval for use in chromoendoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract.ApproachThe low-cost, high-resolution microendoscope implements scanning darkfield imaging without complex optomechanical components by leveraging programmable illumination and the rolling shutter of the image sensor. We validate the integration of our system and MB staining for visualizing epithelial cell nuclei by performing ex vivo imaging on fresh animal specimens and in vivo imaging on healthy volunteers.ResultsThe results indicate that scanning darkfield imaging significantly reduces specular reflection and resolves epithelial nuclei with enhanced image contrast and spatial resolution compared to non-scanning widefield imaging. The image quality of darkfield images with MB staining is comparable to that of fluorescence images with proflavine staining.ConclusionsOur approach enables real-time microscopic evaluation of nuclear patterns and has the potential to be a powerful noninvasive tool for early cancer detection.