Browsing by Author "Duffy, Horace Joseph"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Cycles of Punishment: Understanding the mechanisms and relationship between school suspensions and juvenile justice and how it varies by student identity
    (2021-05-12) Duffy, Horace Joseph; Lopez Turley, Ruth
    The school-to-prison pipeline, or the relationship between school discipline and juvenile justice contact, has interested researchers and educational practitioners primary because of the negative impacts punishment can have on the life outcomes of students. Using a unique dataset of matched school and juvenile justice data, this dissertation challenges the “pipeline” or uni-directional flow of youth punishment and finds that punishment operates in a cycle. In three chapters this dissertation examines (1) when students face suspensions and juvenile justice contact, (2) the relationship between suspensions and juvenile justice contact, and (3) tests the theoretical explanations of the relationship of youth punishment. Generally, I find black and Latinx students have higher risks of youth punishment in all grade levels, but most importantly early grades, and that while a school suspension increases the chances of juvenile justice contact, students also have increased odds of subsequent after juvenile justice contact. Evidence of critical race, cumulative disadvantage, and labeling theories support a new theory that youth become caught in a “cycle of punishment” rather than a school-to-prison pipeline.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    School Racial Composition and Discipline
    (2017-04-21) Duffy, Horace Joseph; Lopez-Turley, Ruth
    Prior research finds school discipline to be a highly racialized process that contributes to greater inequality. While individual student level characteristics have been found to contribute to the likelihood of receiving an exclusionary punishment, recently there has been interest in how school context, primarily the racial composition, contributes to this trend. Until now, prior research shows that percent black is associated with an increase in punitive disciplinary outcomes, yet little is known about the relationship of percent Latino and punishment. Using data from the Houston Independent School district, the current study examines the association of both individual and school level characteristics and the likelihood a student will receive discipline. This paper concludes that both percent black and Latino are associated with an increase in disciplinary actions and that the most disadvantaged students are most at risk of discipline controlling for other individual characteristics, while advantaged students have lower odds