Browsing by Author "Babnigg, Gyorgy"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Crystal structure of SgcJ, an NTF2-like superfamily protein involved in biosynthesis of the nine-membered enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027
    (Springer Nature, 2016) Huang, Tingting; Chang, Chin-Yuan; Lohman, Jeremy R.; Rudolf, Jeffrey D.; Kim, Youngchang; Chang, Changsoo; Yang, Dong; Ma, Ming; Yan, Xiaohui; Crnovcic, Ivana; Bigelow, Lance; Clancy, Shonda; Bingman, Craig A.; Yennamalli, Ragothaman M.; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Phillips, George N.Jr.; Shen, Ben
    Comparative analysis of the enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters revealed sets of conserved genes serving as outstanding candidates for the enediyne core. Here we report the crystal structures of SgcJ and its homologue NCS-Orf16, together with gene inactivation and site-directed mutagenesis studies, to gain insight into enediyne core biosynthesis. Gene inactivation in vivo establishes that SgcJ is required for C-1027 production in Streptomyces globisporus. SgcJ and NCS-Orf16 share a common structure with the nuclear transport factor 2-like superfamily of proteins, featuring a putative substrate binding or catalytic active site. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved residues lining this site allowed us to propose that SgcJ and its homologues may play a catalytic role in transforming the linear polyene intermediate, along with other enediyne polyketide synthase-associated enzymes, into an enzyme-sequestered enediyne core intermediate. These findings will help formulate hypotheses and design experiments to ascertain the function of SgcJ and its homologues in nine-membered enediyne core biosynthesis.
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    Crystal Structure of the Zorbamycin-Binding Protein ZbmA, the Primary Self-Resistance Element in Streptomyces flavoviridis ATCC21892
    (American Chemical Society, 2015) Rudolf, Jeffrey D.; Bigelow, Lance; Chang, Changsoo; Cuff, Marianne E.; Lohman, Jeremy R.; Chang, Chin-Yuan; Ma, Ming; Yang, Dong; Clancy, Shonda; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Phillips, George N.Jr.; Shen, Ben
    The bleomycins (BLMs), tallysomycins (TLMs), phleomycin, and zorbamycin (ZBM) are members of the BLM family of glycopeptide-derived antitumor antibiotics. The BLM-producing Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003 and the TLM-producing Streptoalloteichus hindustanus E465-94 ATCC31158 both possess at least two self-resistance elements, an N-acetyltransferase and a binding protein. The N-acetyltransferase provides resistance by disrupting the metal-binding domain of the antibiotic that is required for activity, while the binding protein confers resistance by sequestering the metal-bound antibiotic and preventing drug activation via molecular oxygen. We recently established that the ZBM producer, Streptomyces flavoviridis ATCC21892, lacks the N-acetyltransferase resistance gene and that the ZBM-binding protein, ZbmA, is sufficient to confer resistance in the producing strain. To investigate the resistance mechanism attributed to ZbmA, we determined the crystal structures of apo and Cu(II)-ZBM-bound ZbmA at high resolutions of 1.90 and 1.65 Å, respectively. A comparison and contrast with other structurally characterized members of the BLM-binding protein family revealed key differences in the protein–ligand binding environment that fine-tunes the ability of ZbmA to sequester metal-bound ZBM and supports drug sequestration as the primary resistance mechanism in the producing organisms of the BLM family of antitumor antibiotics.
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    Crystal Structure of Thioesterase SgcE10 Supporting Common Polyene Intermediates in 9- and 10-Membered Enediyne Core Biosynthesis
    (American Chemical Society, 2017) Annaval, Thibault; Rudolf, Jeffrey D.; Chang, Chin-Yuan; Lohman, Jeremy R.; Kim, Youngchang; Bigelow, Lance; Jedrzejczak, Robert; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Phillips, George N.Jr.; Shen, Ben
    Enediynes are potent natural product anticancer antibiotics, and are classified as 9- or 10-membered according to the size of their enediyne core carbon skeleton. Both 9- and 10-membered enediyne cores are biosynthesized by the enediyne polyketide synthase (PKSE), thioesterase (TE), and PKSE-associated enzymes. Although the divergence between 9- and 10-membered enediyne core biosynthesis remains unclear, it has been observed that nascent polyketide intermediates, tethered to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain of PKSE, could be released by TE in the absence of the PKSE-associated enzymes. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of SgcE10, the TE that participates in the biosynthesis of the 9-membered enediyne C-1027. Structural comparison of SgcE10 with CalE7 and DynE7, two TEs that participate in the biosynthesis of the 10-membered enediynes calicheamicin and dynemicin, respectively, revealed that they share a common α/β hot-dog fold. The amino acids involved in both substrate binding and catalysis are conserved among SgcE10, CalE7, and DynE7. The volume and the shape of the substrate-binding channel and active site in SgcE10, CalE7, and DynE7 confirm that TEs from both 9- and 10-membered enediyne biosynthetic machineries bind the linear form of similar ACP-tethered polyene intermediates. Taken together, these findings further support the proposal that the divergence between 9- and 10-membered enediyne core biosynthesis occurs beyond PKSE and TE catalysis.
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    Natural separation of the acyl-CoA ligase reaction results in a non-adenylating enzyme
    (Springer Nature, 2018) Wang, Nan L.; Rudolf, Jeffrey D.; Dong, Liao-Bin; Osipiuk, Jerzy; Hatzos-Skintges, Catherine; Endres, Michael; Chang, Chin-Yuan; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Phillips, George N.Jr.; Shen, Ben
    Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) ligases catalyze the activation of carboxylic acids via a two-step reaction of adenylation followed by thioesterification. Here, we report the discovery of a non-adenylating acyl-CoA ligase PtmA2 and the functional separation of an acyl-CoA ligase reaction. Both PtmA1 and PtmA2, two acyl-CoA ligases from the biosynthetic pathway of platensimycin and platencin, are necessary for the two steps of CoA activation. Gene inactivation of ptmA1 and ptmA2 resulted in the accumulation of free acid and adenylate intermediates, respectively. Enzymatic and structural characterization of PtmA2 confirmed its ability to only catalyze thioesterification. Structural characterization of PtmA2 revealed it binds both free acid and adenylate substrates and undergoes the established mechanism of domain alternation. Finally, site-directed mutagenesis restored both the adenylation and complete CoA activation reactions. This study challenges the currently accepted paradigm of adenylating enzymes and inspires future investigations on functionally separated acyl-CoA ligases and their ramifications in biology.
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    Structural characterization of AtmS13, a putative sugar aminotransferase involved in indolocarbazole AT2433 aminopentose biosynthesis
    (Wiley, 2015) Singh, Shanteri; Kim, Youngchang; Wang, Fengbin; Bigelow, Lance; Endres, Michael; Kharel, Madan K.; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Bingman, Craig A.; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Thorson, Jon S.; Phillips, George N.Jr.
    AT2433 from Actinomadura melliaura is an indolocarbazole antitumor antibiotic structurally distinguished by its unique aminodideoxypentose-containing disaccharide moiety. The corresponding sugar nucleotide-based biosynthetic pathway for this unusual sugar derives from comparative genomics where AtmS13 has been suggested as the contributing sugar aminotransferase (SAT). Determination of the AtmS13 X-ray structure at 1.50-Å resolution reveals it as a member of the aspartate aminotransferase fold type I (AAT-I). Structural comparisons of AtmS13 with homologous SATs that act upon similar substrates implicate potential active site residues that contribute to distinctions in sugar C5 (hexose vs. pentose) and/or sugar C2 (deoxy vs. hydroxyl) substrate specificity.
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    Structural dynamics of a methionine γ-lyase for calicheamicin biosynthesis: Rotation of the conserved tyrosine stacking with pyridoxal phosphate
    (AIP Publishing LLC, 2016) Cao, Hongnan; Tan, Kemin; Wang, Fengbin; Bigelow, Lance; Yennamalli, Ragothaman M.; Jedrzejczak, Robert; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Bingman, Craig A.; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Kharel, Madan K.; Singh, Shanteri; Thorson, Jon S.; Phillips, George N.Jr.
    CalE6 from Micromonospora echinospora is a (pyridoxal 5′ phosphate) PLP-dependent methionine γ-lyase involved in the biosynthesis of calicheamicins. We report the crystal structure of a CalE6 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid complex showing ligand-induced rotation of Tyr100, which stacks with PLP, resembling the corresponding tyrosine rotation of true catalytic intermediates of CalE6 homologs. Elastic network modeling and crystallographic ensemble refinement reveal mobility of the N-terminal loop, which involves both tetrameric assembly and PLP binding. Modeling and comparative structural analysis of PLP-dependent enzymes involved in Cys/Met metabolism shine light on the functional implications of the intrinsic dynamic properties of CalE6 in catalysis and holoenzyme maturation.
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    Structure of a cupin protein Plu4264 from Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1 at 1.35 Å resolution
    (Wiley, 2015) Weerth, R.Sophia; Michalska, Karolina; Bingman, Craig A.; Yennamalli, Ragothaman M.; Li, Hui; Jedrzejczak, Robert; Wang, Fengbin; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Thomas, Michael G.; Phillips, George N.Jr.
    Proteins belonging to the cupin superfamily have a wide range of catalytic and noncatalytic functions. Cupin proteins commonly have the capacity to bind a metal ion with the metal frequently determining the function of the protein. We have been investigating the function of homologous cupin proteins that are conserved in more than 40 species of bacteria. To gain insights into the potential function of these proteins we have solved the structure of Plu4264 from Photorhabdus luminescens TTO1 at a resolution of 1.35 Å and identified manganese as the likely natural metal ligand of the protein.
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    The crystal structure of BlmI as a model for nonribosomal peptide synthetase peptidyl carrier proteins
    (Wiley, 2014) Lohman, Jeremy R.; Ma, Ming; Cuff, Marianne E.; Bigelow, Lance; Bearden, Jessica; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Phillips, George N.Jr.; Shen, Ben
    Carrier proteins (CPs) play a critical role in the biosynthesis of various natural products, especially in nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymology, where the CPs are referred to as peptidyl-carrier proteins (PCPs) or acyl-carrier proteins (ACPs), respectively. CPs can either be a domain in large multifunctional polypeptides or standalone proteins, termed Type I and Type II, respectively. There have been many biochemical studies of the Type I PKS and NRPS CPs, and of Type II ACPs. However, recently a number of Type II PCPs have been found and biochemically characterized. In order to understand the possible interaction surfaces for combinatorial biosynthetic efforts we crystallized the first characterized and representative Type II PCP member, BlmI, from the bleomycin biosynthetic pathway from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC 15003. The structure is similar to CPs in general but most closely resembles PCPs. Comparisons with previously determined PCP structures in complex with catalytic domains reveals a common interaction surface. This surface is highly variable in charge and shape, which likely confers specificity for interactions. Previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of a prototypical Type I PCP excised from the multimodular context revealed three conformational states. Comparison of the states with the structure of BlmI and other PCPs reveals that only one of the NMR states is found in other studies, suggesting the other two states may not be relevant. The state represented by the BlmI crystal structure can therefore serve as a model for both Type I and Type II PCPs.