Browsing by Author "Allen, Eric Ethan"

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    A first-class approach to genericity
    (2003) Allen, Eric Ethan; Cartwright, Robert S.
    This thesis describes how to add first-class generic types---including mixins---to strongly-typed object-oriented languages with nominal subtyping such as Java and C#. A generic type system is "first-class" if generic types can appear in any context where conventional types can appear. In this context, a mixin is simply a generic class that extends one of its type parameters, e.g., a class C<T> that extends T. Although mixins of this form are widely used in C++ (via templates), they are clumsy and error-prone because C++ treats mixins as syntactic abbreviations (macros), forcing each mixin instantiation to be separately compiled and type-checked. The abstraction embodied in a mixin is never separately analyzed. Our formulation of mixins using first-class genericity accommodates sound local (class-by-class) type checking. A mixin can be fully type-checked given symbol tables for each of the classes that it directly references---the same context in which Java performs incremental class compilation. To our knowledge, no previous formal analysis of first-class genericity in languages with nominal type systems has been conducted, which is surprising because nominal type systems have become predominant in mainstream object-oriented programming languages. What makes our treatment of first-class genericity particularly interesting and important is the fact that it can be added to the existing Java language without any change to the underlying Java Virtual Machine. Moreover, the extension is backward compatible with legacy Java source and class files. Although our discussion of implementation issues focuses on Java, the same implementation techniques could be applied to other object-oriented languages such as C# or Eiffel that support incremental compilation, dynamic class loading, and a static type system with nominal subtyping.
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    Efficient implementation of run-time generic types for Java
    (2002) Allen, Eric Ethan; Cartwright, Robert S.
    One of the most significant limitations of the Java Programming Language is its lack of support for generic types. This thesis describes an efficient compiler and run-time type system for NextGen, a compatible extension of Java that supports generic types, including type dependent operations. The NextGen compiler is implemented as an extension to the existing compiler for GJ, a limited generic extension of Java that does not support run-time generic types. Our implementation is homogeneous, with one major exception: Instantiations of generic classes are constructed on demand. This exception is necessary to support polymorphic recursion. The NextGen compiler generates templates for such instantiation classes and relies on a customized class loader to construct instantiations at run-time. A suite of benchmarks on the Java, GJ, and NextGen compilers shows that the additional code required to support run-time generic types has little or no overhead compared to ordinary Java and GJ.