Bioengineering

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Browsing Bioengineering by Author "Achreja, Abhinav"

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    Amplification of USP13 drives ovarian cancer metabolism
    (Springer Nature, 2016) Han, Cecil; Yang, Lifeng; Choi, Hyun Ho; Baddour, Joelle; Achreja, Abhinav; Liu, Yunhua; Li, Yujing; Li, Jiada; Wan, Guohui; Huang, Cheng; Ji, Guang; Zhang, Xinna; Nagrath, Deepak; Lu, Xiongbin
    Dysregulated energetic metabolism has been recently identified as a hallmark of cancer. Although mutations in metabolic enzymes hardwire metabolism to tumourigenesis, they are relatively infrequent in ovarian cancer. More often, cancer metabolism is re-engineered by altered abundance and activity of the metabolic enzymes. Here we identify ubiquitin-specific peptidase 13 (USP13) as a master regulator that drives ovarian cancer metabolism. USP13 specifically deubiquitinates and thus upregulates ATP citrate lyase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, two key enzymes that determine mitochondrial respiration, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis. The USP13 gene is co-amplified with PIK3CA in 29.3% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers and its overexpression is significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. Inhibiting USP13 remarkably suppresses ovarian tumour progression and sensitizes tumour cells to the treatment of PI3K/AKT inhibitor. Our results reveal an important metabolism-centric role of USP13, which may lead to potential therapeutics targeting USP13 in ovarian cancers.
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    Metabolic shifts toward glutamine regulate tumor growth, invasion and bioenergetics in ovarian cancer
    (EMBO, 2014) Yang, Lifeng; Moss, Tyler; Mangala, Lingegowda S.; Marini, Juan; Zhao, Hongyun; Wahlig, Stephen; Armaiz-Pena, Guillermo; Jiang, Dahai; Achreja, Abhinav; Win, Julia; Roopaimoole, Rajesha; Rodriguez-Aguayo, Cristian; Mercado-Uribe, Imelda; Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel; Liu, Jinsong; Tsukamoto, Takashi; Sood, Anil K.; Ram, Prahlad T.; Nagrath, Deepak
    Glutamine can play a critical role in cellular growth in multiple cancers. Glutamine‐addicted cancer cells are dependent on glutamine for viability, and their metabolism is reprogrammed for glutamine utilization through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we have uncovered a missing link between cancer invasiveness and glutamine dependence. Using isotope tracer and bioenergetic analysis, we found that low‐invasive ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells are glutamine independent, whereas high‐invasive OVCA cells are markedly glutamine dependent. Consistent with our findings, OVCA patients’ microarray data suggest that glutaminolysis correlates with poor survival. Notably, the ratio of gene expression associated with glutamine anabolism versus catabolism has emerged as a novel biomarker for patient prognosis. Significantly, we found that glutamine regulates the activation of STAT3, a mediator of signaling pathways which regulates cancer hallmarks in invasive OVCA cells. Our findings suggest that a combined approach of targeting high‐invasive OVCA cells by blocking glutamine's entry into the TCA cycle, along with targeting low‐invasive OVCA cells by inhibiting glutamine synthesis and STAT3 may lead to potential therapeutic approaches for treating OVCAs.
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    Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism
    (eLife Sciences Publications Ltd., 2016) Zhao, Hongyun; Yang, Lifeng; Baddour, Joelle; Achreja, Abhinav; Bernard, Vincent; Moss, Tyler; Marini, Juan C.; Tudawe, Thavisha; Seviour, Elena G.; San Lucas, F. Anthony; Alvarez, Hector; Gupta, Sonal; Maiti, Sourindra N.; Cooper, Laurence; Peehl, Donna; Ram, Prahlad T.; Maitra, Anirban; Nagrath, Deepak; Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases
    Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major cellular component of tumor microenvironment in most solid cancers. Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, and much of the published literature has focused on neoplastic cell-autonomous processes for these adaptations. We demonstrate that exosomes secreted by patient-derived CAFs can strikingly reprogram the metabolic machinery following their uptake by cancer cells. We find that CAF-derived exosomes (CDEs) inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, thereby increasing glycolysis and glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation in cancer cells. Through 13C-labeled isotope labeling experiments we elucidate that exosomes supply amino acids to nutrient-deprived cancer cells in a mechanism similar to macropinocytosis, albeit without the previously described dependence on oncogenic-Kras signaling. Using intra-exosomal metabolomics, we provide compelling evidence that CDEs contain intact metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and TCA-cycle intermediates that are avidly utilized by cancer cells for central carbon metabolism and promoting tumor growth under nutrient deprivation or nutrient stressed conditions.