Quinones, Miguel A.2009-06-042009-06-042000Avery, Derek Reynold. "Action or opportunity: A further examination of voice effects." (2000) Master’s Thesis, Rice University. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1911/17320">https://hdl.handle.net/1911/17320</a>.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/17320This study assessed whether the effect of voice on procedural fairness is due to the opportunity to voice or to actual voice behavior. In addition, it examined several possible antecedents of voice behavior. In a laboratory experiment, 100 undergraduates completed measures of personality, self-evaluation, perceived voice instrumentality and opportunity to voice. Opportunity for voice, goal setting, and voice instrumentality were manipulated. The results show that opportunity to voice, but not voice behavior, predicted fairness perceptions. Further, goal setting, perceived instrumentality, conscientiousness, and voice self-efficacy significantly predicted voice behavior. Significant interactions between locus of control and voice instrumentality and goal setting and perceived instrumentality on voice behavior were detected. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.100 p.application/pdfengCopyright is held by the author, unless otherwise indicated. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.Industrial psychologyPersonality psychologyAction or opportunity: A further examination of voice effectsThesisTHESIS PSYCH. 2000 AVERY