Shen, ShanJiang, XiaolongScala, FedericoFu, JiakunFahey, PaulKobak, DmitryTan, ZhenghuanZhou, NaReimer, JacobSinz, FabianTolias, Andreas S.2022-12-132022-12-132022Shen, Shan, Jiang, Xiaolong, Scala, Federico, et al.. "Distinct organization of two cortico-cortical feedback pathways." <i>Nature Communications,</i> 13, (2022) Springer Nature: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33883-9.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/114118Neocortical feedback is critical for attention, prediction, and learning. To mechanically understand its function requires deciphering its cell-type wiring. Recent studies revealed that feedback between primary motor to primary somatosensory areas in mice is disinhibitory, targeting vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons, in addition to pyramidal cells. It is unknown whether this circuit motif represents a general cortico-cortical feedback organizing principle. Here we show that in contrast to this wiring rule, feedback between higher-order lateromedial visual area to primary visual cortex preferentially activates somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Functionally, both feedback circuits temporally sharpen feed-forward excitation eliciting a transient increase–followed by a prolonged decrease–in pyramidal cell activity under sustained feed-forward input. However, under feed-forward transient input, the primary motor to primary somatosensory cortex feedback facilitates bursting while lateromedial area to primary visual cortex feedback increases time precision. Our findings argue for multiple cortico-cortical feedback motifs implementing different dynamic non-linear operations.engThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.Journal articles41467-022-33883-9https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33883-9