Mandayam, Narayan B.Aazhang, Behnaam2007-10-312007-10-311997-05-202001-10-17N. B. Mandayam and B. Aazhang, "Gradient Estimation for Stochastic Optimization of Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access Systems: Part I -- Generalized Sensitivity Analysis," <i>IEEE Journal in Selected Areas in Communication,</i> vol. 15, no. 4, 1997.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/20084Journal PaperFor optimizing the performance of optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems, there is a need for determining the sensitivity of the bit-error rate (BER) of the system to various system parameters. Asymptotic approximations and bounds, used for system bit-error probabilities, seldom capture the sensitivities of the system performance. We develop single-run gradient estimation methods for such optical CDMA systems using a discrete-event dynamic systems (DEDS) approach. Specifically, computer-aided techniques such as infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) and likelihood ratio (LR) methods are used for analyzing the sensitivity of the average BER to a wide class of system parameters. It is shown that the above formulation is equally applicable to time-encoded and frequency-encoded systems. Further, the estimates derived are unbiased, and also optimality of the variance of these estimates is shown via the theory of common random variates and importance sampling techniques.engDiscrete-event simulationsfrequency-encodedOCDMAinfinitesimal perturbation analysislikelihood ratiomethodtime-encoded OCDMAJournal articleDiscrete-event simulationsfrequency-encodedOCDMAinfinitesimal perturbation analysislikelihood ratiomethodtime-encoded OCDMAhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.585783