Bhave, GauriChen, Joshua C.Singer, AmandaSharma, AditiRobinson, Jacob T.2021-06-172021-06-172021Bhave, Gauri, Chen, Joshua C., Singer, Amanda, et al.. "Distributed sensor and actuator networks for closed-loop bioelectronic medicine." <i>Materials Today,</i> 46, (2021) Elsevier: 125-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2020.12.020.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/110732Designing implantable bioelectronic systems that continuously monitor physiological functions and simultaneously provide personalized therapeutic solutions for patients remains a persistent challenge across many applications ranging from neural systems to bioelectronic organs. Closed-loop systems typically consist of three functional blocks, namely, sensors, signal processors and actuators. An effective system, that can provide the necessary therapeutics, tailored to individual physiological factors requires a distributed network of sensors and actuators. While significant progress has been made, closed-loop systems still face many challenges before they can truly be considered as long-term solutions for many diseases. In this review, we consider three important criteria where materials play a critical role to enable implantable closed-loop systems: Specificity, Biocompatibility and Connectivity. We look at the progress made in each of these fields with respect to a specific application and outline the challenges in creating bioelectronic technologies for the future.engThis is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/Journal article1-s2-0-S1369702120304806-mainhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2020.12.020