2018-04-062018-04-062018-01-09Halas, Nancy J., Nordlander, Peter and Neumann, Oara, "Generating a heated fluid using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex." Patent US9863662B2. issued 2018-01-09. Retrieved from <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1911/99794">https://hdl.handle.net/1911/99794</a>.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/99794A vessel including a concentrator configured to concentrate electromagnetic (EM) radiation received from an EM radiation source and a complex configured to absorb EM radiation to generate heat. The vessel is configured to receive a cool fluid from the cool fluid source, concentrate the EM radiation using the concentrator, apply the EM radiation to the complex, and transform, using the heat generated by the complex, the cool fluid to the heated fluid. The complex is at least one of consisting of copper nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanorods, carbon moieties, encapsulated nanoshells, encapsulated nanoparticles, and branched nanostructures. Further, the EM radiation is at least one of EM radiation in an ultraviolet region of an electromagnetic spectrum, in a visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in an infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.31engUtility patentUS9863662B2