Keahey, PelhamRamalingam, PreethaSchmeler, KathleenRichards-Kortum, Rebecca R.2017-01-092017-01-092016Keahey, Pelham, Ramalingam, Preetha, Schmeler, Kathleen, et al.. "Differential structured illumination microendoscopy for in vivo imaging of molecular contrast agents." <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,</i> 113, no. 9 (2016) National Academy of Sciences: 10769-10773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613497113.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/93743NEWS COVERAGE: A news release based on this journal publication is available online: http://news.rice.edu/2016/09/15/improved-microendoscope-brings-cervical-cancer-into-focus/Fiber optic microendoscopy has shown promise for visualization of molecular contrast agents used to study disease in vivo. However, fiber optic microendoscopes have limited optical sectioning capability, and image contrast is limited by out-of-focus light generated in highly scattering tissue. Optical sectioning techniques have been used in microendoscopes to remove out-of-focus light but reduce imaging speed or rely on bulky optical elements that prevent in vivo imaging. Here, we present differential structured illumination microendoscopy (DSIMe), a fiber optic system that can perform structured illumination in real time for optical sectioning without any opto-mechanical components attached to the distal tip of the fiber bundle. We demonstrate the use of DSIMe during in vivo fluorescence imaging in patients undergoing surgery for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ. Images acquired using DSIMe show greater contrast than standard microendoscopy, improving the ability to detect cellular atypia associated with neoplasia.engArticle is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.Journal articlemolecular imagingcervical cancermicroendoscopyfluorescencestructured illuminationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613497113