Watkins, Michael J.2018-12-182018-12-181984Brems, Douglas J.. "The persistence of echoic memory: evidence from the effect of presentation modality in immediate and final recall tasks." (1984) Master’s Thesis, Rice University. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1911/104906">https://hdl.handle.net/1911/104906</a>.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/104906The effect of presentation modality on recall was studied in two experiments. In the first, lists of alternating auditory and visual words were presented at a 15-second rate, with a visual distractor task interpolated between each word. Recall was asked for immediately after each list, and again after all lists had been presented. A large modality effect (auditory advantage) was obtained in immediate recall but no difference between modalities was found in final recall. In the second experiment, this modality effect was attenuated with the use of phonologically similar words, and the effect was replicated with a fast presentation rate. An echoic memory interpretation of the modality effect is offered, in which it is suggested that echoic memory persists until the time of recall to be used directly and not via a long-term modality independent memory system.42 ppengCopyright is held by the author, unless otherwise indicated. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.ThesisRICE2555reformatted digitalThesis Psych. 1984 Brems