2015-05-042015-05-042011-10-25Halas, Nancy J., Johnson, Don H., Bishnoi, Sandra Whaley, Levin, Carly S., Rozell, Christopher John and Johnson, Bruce R., "All optical nanoscale sensor." Patent US8045152B2. issued 2011-10-25. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1911/80069.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/80069A composition comprising a nanoparticle and at least one adsorbate associated with the nanoparticle, wherein the adsorbate displays at least one chemically responsive optical property. A method comprising associating an adsorbate with a nanoparticle, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a shell surrounding a core material with a lower conductivity than the shell material and the adsorbate displays at least one chemically responsive optical property, and engineering the nanoparticle to enhance the optical property of the adsorbate. A method comprising determining an optical response of an adsorbate associated with a nanoparticle as a function of a chemical parameter, and parameterizing the optical response to produce a one-dimensional representation of at least a portion of a spectral window of the optical response in a high dimensional vector space.17 ppengUtility patentUS8045152B2