Kyrish, MatthewDobbs, JessicaJain, ShaliniWang, XiaoYu, DihuaRichards-Kortum, RebeccaTkaczyk, Tomasz S.2013-09-132014-09-142013-09Kyrish, Matthew, Dobbs, Jessica, Jain, Shalini, et al.. "Needle-based fluorescence endomicroscopy via structured illumination with a plastic, achromatic objective." <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics,</i> 18, no. 9 (2013) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers: 96003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.18.9.096003.https://hdl.handle.net/1911/71908In order to diagnose cancer, a sample must be removed, prepared, and examined under a microscope, which is expensive, invasive, and time consuming. Fiber optic fluorescence endomicroscopy, where an image guide is used to obtain high-resolution images of tissue in vivo, has shown promise as an alternative to conventional biopsies. However, the resolution of standard endomicroscopy is limited by the fiber bundle sampling frequency and out-of-focus light. A system is presented which incorporates a plastic, achromatic objective to increase the sampling and which provides optical sectioning via structured illumination to reject background light. An image is relayed from the sample by a fiber bundle with the custom 2.1-mm outer diameter objective lens integrated to the distal tip. The objective is corrected for the excitation and the emission wavelengths of proflavine (452 and 515 nm). It magnifies the object onto the fiber bundle to improve the systemﾒs lateral resolution by increasing the sampling. The plastic lenses were fabricated via single-point diamond turning and assembled using a zero alignment technique. Ex vivo images of normal and neoplastic murine mammary tissues stained with proflavine are captured. The system achieves higher contrast and resolves smaller features than standard fluorescence endomicroscopy.engArticle is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.Journal articleendomicroscopeachromatic objectivecancer diagnosisfluorescenceprecision machininghttp://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.18.9.096003